Customers could pay for data centers’ energy costs without reform

In some advanced economies, electricity infrastructure and cost of utilities are undergoing structural changes because of artificial intelligence-driven demand for data centers.

In the process, U.S consumers could be paying higher utility bills because of the sector shifting costs to consumers, warned a latest paper by the Harvard Electricity Law Initiative.

Meanwhile in the U.K, residents may experience higher wholesale prices in light of a proposed reform to the electricity market that would favor data centers which harness renewable energy.

As pricing concerns emerge, regulation and energy grid reform will take center stage in managing energy prices and meeting changing energy needs.

Special contracts between utilities and data center companies are one of the ways higher costs associated with data centers may transfer onto everyday consumers, identified a report by the Harvard Electricity Law Initiative in March.

Such contracts “allow an individual consumer to take service under conditions and terms not otherwise available to anyone else.” In other words, they can be used to shift costs from data centers to consumers because of the subjectivity and complexity in those contracts’ accounting practices, the report stated.

Moreover, special contracts are approved by the Public Utilities Commission but tend to undergo “opaque regulatory processes” that make it difficult to assess if costs have been shifted from data centers onto the consumer.

To remedy this, the report recommended regulators tighten oversight over special contracts or completely do away with them and opt for existing tariff practices.

“Unlike a one-off special contract that provides each data center with unique terms and conditions, a tariff ensures that all data centers pay under the same terms and that the impact of new customers is addressed by considering the full picture of the utility’s costs and revenue,” according to the report.

Jonathan Koomey, a researcher in energy and information technology, concurs with the need for data centers to pay according to their usage of the energy grid.

“The key point, in my view, is that highly profitable companies who impose costs on the grid with big new loads should pay the costs created by those new loads,” Koomey told CNBC.

Beyond utility companies and regulators, “intervenors in the utility regulatory process also play a critical role,” Koomey said.

Intervenors can include a specific group of constituents or a large commercial or industrial customer who partake in proceedings. They may raise issues pertaining to customer service and affordability and ultimately allow for commissions to hear from a broad group of stakeholders.

“They often can dig deeper than the overburdened regulators into the projections and technical details and reveal key issues that…