Why developers are building housing at shopping malls

Say hello to life at the mall. 

The classic American mall is undergoing a dramatic transformation as real estate developers swap out dying department stores for apartments, ushering in an era where living at the mall could soon become a new norm.

Some U.S. developers are knocking down department stores like Macy’s or JCPenney and using the spaces and their parking lots to put up apartment buildings next to the mall or connected to it via walkways and green spaces. In other cases, they’ve built apartments inside of shuttered storefronts and other shopping center properties or gutted them altogether to make way for a mix of housing, retail, restaurants, outdoor spaces and experiences. 

“The mall is becoming cool again,” said Jacob Knudsen, the vice president of development for Macerich, which is currently redeveloping the FlatIron Crossing Mall in Broomfield, Colorado to add housing. “So being able to live by it, work by it, play by it, go to restaurants by it, we’re definitely seeing this as a trend.” 

This new version of the American mall comes as shopping centers across the country fight for survival and look to transformation to avoid extinction. It’s clear that consumers still enjoy shopping in person after the Covid pandemic, but the traditional anchor department store has been in decline since 2001 and is no longer the draw it once was.

As companies like Macy’s, JCPenney and Sears shrink or cease to exist altogether, real estate developers have been forced to get creative to repurpose those spaces, which typically take up at least half of a mall’s footprint. 

Amazon distribution centers, pickleball courts and even an NHL training facility have all replaced big-box stores at American malls. But as the country contends with a housing crisis, the fastest growing use of these spaces is apartment complexes, real estate developers said. As of January 2022, at least 192 U.S. malls planned to add housing to their footprint, and at least 33 had constructed apartments since the pandemic began, according to Realogic, a real estate consulting firm. At least a dozen more apartment projects are underway at malls across the country, including in California, Florida, Arizona and Texas. 

“There’s just too much retail in the U.S,” said Oscar Parra, the principal of Pacific Retail Capital Partners’ Special Situations Group. “[It’s] like four times higher than any other nation … I don’t know of a market that needs a million square foot mall.”

Parra, whose firm is building housing at the site of a former Carson’s department store at a mall outside of Chicago, pointed to a similar project underway at Westfield’s Garden State Plaza in Paramus, New Jersey — one of the largest and most lucrative malls in the…